Women+and+Equal+Rights

=__Early treatment: The legal system claimed to be protecting women by treating them differently.__ =

__What was the doctrine known as "coverture"?__
The coverture was a doctrine that said upon marriage, a woman's legal rights were included into those of her husband's. As a result, under the coverture a wife was unable to enter into contracts without the consent of her husband.

__Suffrage Movement: What was it? When and where? What did it produce?__
The suffrage Movement began in the United States at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, which was where the Declaration of Sentiments outlined the grievances and set the agenda for the women's right's movement. It was a set of 12 resolutions called for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. National Conventions for Women's rights are held yearly through 1860, and in December 1869, the territory of Wyoming is the first to pass the women's suffrage law. Colorado is the first state to adopt an amendment granting women suffrage. Ultimately, in 1920, the 19th Amendment is added to the Constitution, which granted women the right to vote and was signed into law by Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby. (ashley)

__Modern Women's Rights Movement:__
The reasonableness standard: The reasonableness standard is one that is used when evaluating alleged sexual harassment cases. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, it is illegal for an employee to discriminate against employees because of sex. Although, with the reasonableness standard, a fact finder can ask whether a reasonable women in the plaintiff's position would have felt the respondent's actions constituted sexual harassment. And in many cases, the use of the reasonable woman has been used.

"Strict scrutiny" standard: The "strict scrutiny" standard is used to examine whether a law or regulation violates the Constitution. This standard was used in a huge amount of cases based on gender such as Reed v. Reed, and Frontiero v. Richardson. And in both cases, it was found that both went against the Equal Protection Clause. As a result, this standard allowed for women to gain more rights, and give them justice.

Equal Rights Amendment: The Equal Rights Amendment written by Alice Paul would under law not deny or abridge any rights to a certain person in the United States because of sex. It wasn't ratified because many felt it undermined the social institutions of marriage and family. In addition, they felt because of science there were already advantages that men possessed over women. Overall, it wasn't given the support it was needed to be passed.

__Discrimination in the Workplace__
Title VII "sexual harassment"- This is a form of sex discrimination that violates title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It is unlawful to harass a person because of their sex: unwelcome advances, verbal or physical harassment.

"equal pay for equal work"-The law forbids discrimination when it comes to sex in any aspect of employment: hiring, firing, pay, promotions, or fringe benefits.

"comparable worth"- Once again, the law forbids discrimination of employment practices that give the sex of a person a negative impact on the employment of people. All sexes are described as equal to one another (ashley)

__Court cases:__
//Rostker v Goldberg:// In 1980, President Jimmy Carter thought it was necessary to reactivate the draft process. Also, he recommended to Congress that they amend the Act to allow the registration and conscription of both men and women. Though, Congress only allocated funds necessary to register males, and didn't amend the Act to allow the registration of women. After, President Carter called upon the registration of specified groups of young men. But several men filed a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the Act. In the end, the court ruled it was constitutional to register only men for the draft. Also, it said that the primary purpose of a draft was to provide combat troops. And for this reason, women were excluded from being drafted for combat. Thus, the rights of women were not strengthened.